Measurement has a very important place in Planning and Execution of any Civil Engineering work.
It is required from first estimate to the final completion of work and payment settlements.
GENERAL RULES
Each item shall be fully described and shall include all necessary materials, transport, unloading, stacking, storing, wastage in handling, labour required for finishing the work etc.
Booking of dimensions is done in order of length, breadth or width and height or depth or thickness.
Dimensions shall be nearest
0.01 m in length
0.01 m2 in areas
0.01 m3 in volumes
0.001 tones in weights
Same work with different conditions or stages must be measured separately stating the condition, height or depth or distances.
UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
v Mass, voluminous and thick works shall be taken in cubic unit or volume (M3).
v Thin, shallow or surface works shall be taken in square unit or in area (M2).
v Long and thin work shall be taken in linear or running unit (RMT)
v Piece works or job works etc shall be taken as number.
EARTH WORK : IS 1200 Part I
(L X B X H = M3)
Excavation will include
- Setting out works
- Site clearance
- Unauthorized benching or battering
- Leaving or forming dead men after measurement
- Leaving steps in sides of deep excavation
- Bailing out water in excavation
- Slinging and supporting pipes etc met during excavation.
- Ramming at bottom
v Measurement of earth work is done in M3.
v Measurement shall be taken as the area of the bottom of foundation trench multiplied by depth of foundation as give in plans.
v When excavation is in fairly level ground than depth can be measured from “Dead Man” or “Tell Tales” left out during excavation.
v When ground is more uneven levels shall be taken before start excavation by surveying instruments and block counter are drawn. Then excavation level can be found.
v When excavation is made in mixed type rock or soil then measurement for total quantity shall be made by any above methods. But from total quantity deduction of volume of one type of rock must be done and that rock is stacked for measurement.
v Except hill side cutting all excavation 1.5 meter depth is considered as unit lift.
Authorised working space
Filling
Lead and Lift
Surface dressing
Surface Excavation
Excavation for cables, pipes etc (trenches)
Planking and strutting
Removing trees
CONCRETE: Part II
(L X B X H = M3)
v Plain Cement Concrete is measured in m3
v Reinforced Concrete :
v A) Unless other wise specified all concrete work shall be measured in M3.
B) Form work should be measured, if required, in square meter.
C) Reinforcement should be measured separately and unit is K G.
D) Concrete finishes are not measured separately including measurement for hacking of surfaces.
E) No deduction shall be made for following:
1. Volume occupied by reinforcement
2. Opening up to 0.1 m2
3. Volume occupied by pipes, conduits etc not exceeding (100) cm2 in cross section.
4. Small voids not exceeding 40 cm2 in cross section.
5. Chamfers, moldings, grooves up to 10 cm in width and 15 cm in girth
6. Ends of dissimilar materials upto 500sqcm in c.s
F) Columns shall be measured from top of column base to underside of first floor slab and then top of floor to underside of floor slab above.
G) Beam shall be measured from face to face of column
1. Depth of beam shall be measured from bottom of slab to bottom of beam.
2. For inverted beams depth shall be measured from top of slab to top of beam
H) Slabs is measured in M3, length and breadth shall be taken as per plan and depth as specified .
I) Lintels shall be measured in M3 and bearing of lintels should not be less than 0.12 m to 0.15 m.
Precast cement concrete
CLASSIFICATION OF WORK METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
Roof slab, floors etc in sqm
Beams unit and columns running metre
Channel units “
Kerbs , edging “
Doors and window frames in running metre stating the size
Water tank in numbers
Fencing posts in nos or running metre
Jallies in sqm stating thickness
Expansion joint is measured in running metre stating the depth and width of joint.
Damp proof course
Waterproofing concrete
Pressure grouting
Cutting in concrete –
Grooves, chases and like shall be measured in running meters stating girth
Holes, openings shall be measured per centimeters of depth of cutting and classified as
Upto 250sqcm in area and Exceeding 250 sq cm and upto and including 0.1 sq cm area.
Surface channels
Fencing posts
Cavity walls
Toothing and Bonding – measured in sqm
Forming cavity in walls
BRICK WORK : Part III
( L X B X H = M3)
Brickwork shall include
- Raking out joint
- Preparing tops of existing walls
- Leaving holes for pipes
- Plumbing to angles
- Building hold fasts, fixing bricks etc
- Building in ends of beams, sills etc
- Forming opening and flues for which no deductions are made
- Bedding wall plates , lintels sills, corrugated sheets in wall
Brick work generally measured in M3 unless specified.
Brick work one brick thick (20 cm) or less shall be measured separately in M2.
No deduction shall be made if
a. opening up to 0.1 M2 in area.
b. cement concrete blocks for hold fast and holding down bolt.
c. Ends of dissimilar materials like beam, lintels etc upto 0.1 sqm in section.
d. Iron fixtures such as hold fats for doors and windows , pipes upto 300mm diameter.
e.Wall plated, bed plates where thk not exceeds 10 cm and bearing does not exceeds full thk of wall
Deduction shall be made for
a. door, window opening
b. lintels or arches above door or openings.
c. deduction for different shapes are made as follows
DEDUCTION
[ (l x h) + (l x 2/3 r) ] x thickness of wall
DEDUCTION
Lm x t x thickness of wall
v Circular brickwork
v Backing to masonry
v Honey combing brickwork is measured in square meter
v Cavity Walls
v Cornice should be measured in running meter.
v Partition wall are measured in square meter.
v Brick on edge when laid along boundary of road or path shall be measured in running meter.
v Cutting chases and rebates grooves in brick work shall be measured in running metre stating the girth and shall be classified as
girth not exceeding 10cm
Exceeding 10cm but not exceeding 20 cms in girth
When exceeding 20cms in girth shall be measured in sqm by its length.
v Cutting holes
v Toothing and bonding
STONE MASONARY : IS 1200 Part IV
(L X B X H = M3)
v MASONARY SHALL BE MEASURED IN CUBIC METER
v FACE WORK SHALL BE MEASURED IN SQUARE METER
v Stone masonry in arches
For spans upto 2m measured separately and include centering
Above 2m measured separately and centering measured separately
v Underpinning
v Chases and rebates
v Cutting holes
Method of measurement of Formwork
Part 5
Formwork shall include following
Splayed edges, notching, allowance for overlays and passing at angles, sheathing battens, strutting, bolting, nailing, wedging, easing, striking and removal.
All supports, struts, braces, wedges as well as mud sills, piles or other suitable arrangements to support the formwork
Bolts, wire ties, clamps, spreaders, nails or any other item to hold the sheathing together
Working scaffolds, ladder, gangways and similar items
Filleting to form stop chamfered edges or splayed external angles not exceeding 20 mm wide to beams, columns and the like
If required, temporary openings in the forms for pouring concrete , inserting vibrators, and cleaning holes for removing rubbish from the interior of the sheathing before poring concrete
Dressing with oil to prevent adhesion
Raking or circular cutting
Method of measurement
Formwork shall be measured in square metres as the actual surfaces in contact with the concrete
Where formwork is required to be lined with wall board, hardboard, polythene sheet
No deduction shall be made for openings up to 0.4sqm. No deduction shall be made for any opening/cutouts when slip form technique is used.
Raking or circular cutting and rounded or moulded edges shall be measured in running metres. Moulded stopping shall be enumerated.
Formwork to secondary beam shall be measured up to the sides of main beams, but no deduction shall be made from the formwork of the main beams where the secondary beam intersects it.
Formwork to beam shall be measured up to sides of column, but no deduction shall be made from the formwork to stanchion or column casings at intersections of beam.
Method of measurement of Steel work and Iron work
Part 8
STEEL AND IRON WORK : K. G.
Reinforcement shall be measured to nearest 0.005m.
Dimensions like cross sections to nearest 0.001sqm
STRUCTURAL STEEL :
Normally steel work shall be measured by weight.
Unless otherwise specified weight of cleats, brackets, packing pieces, bolts, nut, washers, distant pieces, gusset plates etc shall be added to the weight in structural steel.
In riveted work an additional 2.5% of weight of structure is made.
Deduction to rivet hole is made if area exceeds 0.02sqm.
In welded section welding material is not measured.
STEEL REINFORCEMENT :
Bar reinforcement shall be measured by weight in KG and shall include cutting to length, hooked ends, cranking or bending, authorized overlaps, chairs and separators.
Binding wire for reinforcement shall not be measured but shall be included in item list.
In case of welding of joint is authorized the same shall be described, joints butt welded shall be measured in numbers and lap welded shall be measured in running meter of length of weld.
Plain or barbed wire fencing shall be fully described and each line shall be measured in running meter.
Collapsible gate shall be measured in square meter describing details of gate including erection, and securing hold fast.
Rolling shutters /grills shall be measured in square meter.
Steel doors and windows , ventilators shall be measured in square meter
Method of measurement of ROOF COVERING
Part 9
The measurement shall be done in square meter with out allowance for laps or corrugation.
Opening if any up to 0.4 M2 shall not be deducted and cutting of opening is not measured.
Opening more than 0.4 M2 shall be deducted and cutting required is measured in running meter.
Supporting wood work or steel work shall be measured separately
In Sheet roofing and asbestos cement roofing ridges, hips, valleys shall be measured in running meter.
Roof tiling shall be measured in square meter and ridge, hips, valleys shall be measured in running meter
TERRACE ROOFING :
Flat terrace shall be measured in square meter describing thickness, size and quality of materials.
Tiles on chajjas and sundries may be measured in square meter
STONE SLAB ROOF :
measured in square meter stating type of stone.
Method of measurement of Ceiling and Lining
Part 10
Material, method of fixing is stated and measured in square meter.
Deduction shall be made for the opening more than 0.4 M2, labor for cutting is measured separately.
Circular cutting and waste shall be measured in running meter, stating thickness of material.
Sealing joints of plaster or fiber board shall be measured in running meter.
Insulation blocks shall be measured in square meter.
Chamfering or rounding edges of fiber boarding and cutting V groove in same shall be measured in rmt.
Method of measurement of Flooring
Part 11
All work shall be measured in square meter.
Deduction for 0.1 m2 area (embedded areas /articles) is not done.
Works in isolated width not with general finish shall be measured as
a. width up to 30 cm or below in running meter.
b. width above 30 cm in square meter.
Work in tread, riser and edges of landing shall be measured in square meter
Skirting shall be measured in running meter stating height
Lining of channels shall be measured in running meter.
In wooden floor supporting joints are estimated separately.
Moulded nosing shall be measured in running metres including returned moulded ends and angles to mouldings.
No deductions for voids upto 0.2sqm
Method of measurement of Finishing
Part 11
v Plastering
Ø Plaster shall be classified according to material used and each type is measured separately, as
a. mix of mortar ( 1:3, 1:4 )
b. no. of coats and thickness of coat.
c. nature of base
d. nature of surface treatment ( neeru, sand face )
Ø Removing plaster by scrapping or other wise shall be measured separately.
Ø Plastering of roof ceiling and walls should be measured separately
Ø 30 cm or below width is measured in running meter and above in square meter.
Ø All the plaster shall be measured in M2 unless specified.
Ø In case of building interior plastering is measured separately for each storey.
Ø Plastering at a height greater than 10 meter above ground level shall be measured separately in stages of 5 meter height for outside plastering.
Ø Deduction: No deduction shall be made for end of joint, beams, etc up to 0.5 M2 and no addition is made for jams, sofits, sills etc.
v Deduction for opening 0.5 M2 - 3 M2 than
a. when both faces of wall are plastered with same plaster, deduction shall be made for one face only.
b. 50% of opening is deducted on each side if plaster is different type.
c. when frame width is same as wall thickness than full deduction is made from each side
v Opening more than 3 M2 shall be deducted from both side but jams, sofits are added.
v POINTING :
Ø Various type and proportion of pointing shall be measured separately.
Ø It should be measured in M2.
Ø Deduction is made same as plastering.
v WHITE WASHING, COLOUR WASHING :
Ø All works shall be measured in M2.
Ø Measurement and deduction are same as plastering.
v GLAZING :
Ø Measurement shall be done in m2.
Ø Different type of glass should be measured separately.
Ø Measurement of glazing in wood and metal is done separately.
Ø Holes drilled in glass shall be measured in No. stating dia meter of hole, type of glass.
Ø Grinding, polishing and rounding off edges are measured in Running meter.
Method of measurement of Painting
Part 15
v Shall be measured in Square meter.
v Type of surface on bases of absorbent like steel (non- absorbent), wood (semi-absorbent), bricks, stone, plaster (absorbent) shall be measured separately.
v No deduction is made for 0.5 M2 opening.
v In steel work priming coat shall be included with fabrication.
v Painting bends up to 10 cm width is measured in running meter.
v Corrugated sheet surfaces are increased as follows for painting
a. Corrugated sheets 14%
b. Asbestos cement sheet (corrugated) 20%
v Painting on Eave gutters, rain water pipe soil and ventilator and steel pole shall be measured in running meter stating width.
Method of measurement of Road works including airfield pavements
Part 17
Levels shall be taken before and after construction, at a grid of points 5m centre to centre longitudinally in straight reaches and at 2.5m on curves.
On 2 lane roads the levels shall be taken at four from positions from transversely at 0.75m and 2.75m from either edge of the carriageway.
Single lane roads at two positions transversely at 1.25m from either edge of the carriageway and also at the crown and edges.
The reference of the transverse grid line shall be left in the form of embedded reference points.
All works shall be measured in square meters, except where otherwise stated.
The length shall be measured between the ends of the pavement and the central line of the expansion joint or between the central lines of consecutive expansion joint.
The width shall be between the edge of a payment and the central line of the construction joint or between the central lines of consecutive construction joints.
Excavation and earthwork as accordance to IS 1200 part 1.
Rolling and watering when required may be either included or measured separately in square metres.
Dismantling as given in IS 1200 part 18
Works involved in the preparation of cut formation shall be measured in units as below
Loosening and re-compacting of subgrade level sqm
Removal of unsuitable material cum
Replacement with suitable material in lieu of unsuitable cum
Unsuitable material removed
Preparing rocky subgrade sqm
Stripping including storing and re application of top soil shall be measured in cubic metres.
Tar and bitumen roads
Binder - described stating type , grade and penetration value.
Priming- shall be measured separately stating the type and quantity of primer per square metre.
Edging- Measured in running metre describing material and method of placing. Excavation required shall be included in description of item and shall be not measured separately.
Tack coat- Measured square metres
Bitminous macadam base in binder course.- This should be measured as finished work in cubic metres.
Pot holes:-The work of filling potholes not exceeding 0.005cum shall be included in the description of items and shall be measured separately.
Bituminous penetration macadam base in binder course
Built up spray court base course
Open graded premix carpet
Surface dressing
Mix seal surfacing finished work in sqm.
Seal coat
Semi dense carpet finished work in cum.
Asphaltic concrete
Miscellaneous
Screening- measured in cum.
Breaking- measured in cum of stacked materials after breaking, stating the size before and after breaking and shall include tracking.
Scarifying- measured in sqm stating the depth scarified and the type of surface.
Berms – Preparation of berms shall be measured in running metres stating the average filling and width.
Subbases , bases and shoulders- shall be measured in cubic metres.
Stabilised soil subbase shall be measured as finished work in cubic metres.
Water bound macadam base and subbase course shall be measured as finished work in position in cubic metres.
Potholes – exceeding 0.005cum shall be measured in cum.
Shoulder- finished work in position in cubic metres.
Pre- splitting rock excavation slopes- area of pre splitting shall be measured a square metres of specified presplit slope surface.
Turfing - finished work in square metres.
Seeding and mulching -finished work in square metres.
Drain- shall be measured in linear metres
Jointing of pipes
Backfill material and aggregates
Removal of unusable material and its replacement with suitable material in the trench bed
Culverts- RCC pipe culverts shall be measured along their centre between the inlet and the outlet ends in running metres.
Cement concrete pavements
The strength should be described and shall be measured in cubic or square meters.
Concrete required be spreading and consolidating by mechanical spreaders and vibratory compacting equipments shall be measured separately and so described.
If concrete is reinforced with bars or fabric reinforcement it shall be stated and measured separately
Formwork for paving shall be measured separately.
Special surface finishes shall be described and measured separately in sqm or alternatively included with the main item itself.
Construction and dummy joins shall be described and measured separately if not included in the main item in running meters stating the thickness and depth of joint.
The expansion joints
Steel dowel bars shall be described
Steel plate reinforcement to the joints - measured in running metres of the joint.
Forming tongued and grooved longitudinal butt joints shall be measured in running metres.
Method of Measurement of Oil and Gas pipelines
Part 20
Gas and oil pipelines shall be classified according to their diameter, length of each pipe, kind of material, quality of pipe and the method of joining and measured in running meter inclusive of all joints.
The measurements shall be taken along the central line of the pipe and fittings or specials.
All fittings or specials shall be enumerated separately as extra over the pipes.
Cutting and jointing the pipes to such fittings or specials shall be deemed to be inclusive with the item of fittings or specials.
Alternatively gas and oil pipes shall be classified according to their diameter ,kind of material, quality of the pipe and shall be measured in running meters.
The measurement shall be taken along the central line of the pipes and in between the fittings or specials.
All fittings, joints or specials shall be fully described and enumerated separately.
Cutting of pipes for jointing to such fittings or specials shall be deemed to be included with the item of fitting or specials.
Components for supporting pipes, like hangers, chairs, pillars etc shall be fully described and enumerated separately.
Pipes laid or fixed in ducts, trenches and chases shall be described in each case.
Pipes embedded in floor screed shall be so described.
Excavation of trenches- As IS 1200 part 1
Concrete beds, haunchings and coverings, including any formwork required shall be described and measured in running meters stating size of the pipe, dimensions and mix of concrete.
Heat Treatment- described and enumerated separately if otherwise mentioned.
Tests- Hydrostatic tests and radiographic tests shall be separately described and measured in running meters for hydrostatic tests and per centimeter length for various pipes for radiographic tests.
Pigging, pickling and purging- shall be stated
Insulation-
All insulation to pipe work hall be fully described and measured in running meters, unless otherwise stated, stating the type and size of the pipes.
The measurement shall be taken along the central line of the pipes and fittings or specials.
No separate measurements shall be made for beveling of insulation at ends flanges etc.
Insulation around valves and other ancillaries and to pipe fittings shall be fully described and enumerated separately as extra over the insulation to pipe work.
Miscellaneous Works-
Works such as crossings of railway lines and culverts, cuttings and reconditioning of pavements, deviation of pipelines and cables, dismantling and reconditioning of work etc, shall be measured as per relevant standards.
Connection to sub mains or other pipelines shall be fully described and enumerated.
WOOD WORK
v Length and width of wooden members shall be measured to nearest 1 cm.
v Area calculated to nearest 0.01 M2 and cubic contain 0.001 M3
v Wood work used in doors, windows partition panel shall be measured in superficial unit (one unit).
v If shutters of doors and windows are calculated separately, the area of shutter is to be taken between the rebates in chowkhat i.e. 1.25 cm.
v Doors of bigger sizes are taken separately from smaller size doors as rate will be different.
v Wood work in framed and fixing in position such as wooden battens, beams, purling in wooden truss are measured in M3.
v Staircase landing, riser and treads are measured in M2 and hand rails shall be measured in running meter.
Method of measurement of Well Foundations
Part 24
Levels of High and low water tide occurring shall be stated
Removal of obstructions other than those above during sinking operations shall be measured separately on the basis of quantum merit.
Well Sinking
The item of well sinking shall include use of kentledge
The provision of island measured separately
Sinking measurement in running meters
Steining and curb
Concrete / brickwork/ stone masonry in the steining and concrete in top plug and curb described and measured in cubic meters.
Formwork
Concrete in the bottom plug including sump measured on basis of cement bags consumed
Filling in the well – cubic meters
Measurement for the reinforcement including mild steel bars, steel links, binders and steel flats, steel cutting edge etc as IS 1200 part-8
Measurement for the Cutting off the extra height of steining in cubic meters
Pneumatic sinking
Works executed under different pressure range shall be measured separately.
Pneumatic sinking shall be measured in running meters stating the size and shape.
The depth of sinking shall be measured form the level at which air is introduced to the level at which air is stopped.
Following shall be measured separately
Bringing of and removing the pneumatic sinking plant from the site
Use of this plant when fitted on well/ when not fitted on well ( to be measured separately)
Fixing and removing of adopter and airlock
Corbel slab
Keeping the well under pressure during plugging, guniting, repair, inspection, testing but excluding sinking.
Method of measurement of Tunneling
Part 25
Classified as follows
- Excavation in tunnel in hard rock not requiring supports
- Excavation in tunnels in all classes of soil, soft and hard rock requiring temporary or permanent support during excavation.
Quantity of excavation measured in cubic metres
If enlargement of the already excavated tunnel separate measurements shall be taken
hand or pneumatic removal of layers of soft or disintegrated rock measured separately
Cement consumed for guniting measured on weight basis
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF SUPPORTS
Temporary support- measured in sqm
Permanent Support- measured on weight basis
Grouting – weight of cement consumed
precast concrete blocks- measured separately
Space between the B line and precast concrete or structural steel lining filled by concrete measured on weight basis
Cement concrete placed manually
Cement concrete placed with mechanical aids such as pumps, placers etc
Rock bolt- weight basis
Pipes- in running metres
Concrete lining- measured separately
Pressure Grouting over Concrete lining
Grout holes
Grout pipes and fittings
Water pressure testing- measured separately
Grouting
Method of measurement of Piling
Part 23
Precast reinforced Concrete piles and Bored precast concrete piles
- Description
- cement concrete – in cubic metres
- Deduction - no deduction for chamfers, tapered points or volume of reinforcement
- Formwork, links and sleeves - described
- Reinforcement - separately
- Driving pile - in running metres
- Empty boring – in case of precast bored measured sep in running metres
- Handling, transportation and pitching - enumerated
- strapping the heads of the pile - measured in linear metres
- Stripping off the heads of the pile for bond length - enumerated
- Grouting measured separately in cubic metres for bored precast
- Lengthening required for precast – measured separately
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF STEEL SHEET PILES (PERMANENT)
Supply only of sheet piles
The description of the item shall include the cross sectional shape, nomenclature of manufacturer , specification of material, details of fabrication, such as lengthening by means of welding; riveting , drilling or burning holes, joining or fixing of structural rolled steel sections, handling and transportation to the site etc.
Piles exceeding 12 m in length in further stages of 3 m.
All struts, anchor bolts, anchor plates, turn buckets on weight basis painting - in square meters
Lifting, handling, pitching, engaging through interlocks or clutches of an adjacent sheet piles - in square metres multi the length of embedded portion and half perimeter
Sheet piles driven under water
Driving corner piles and junction piles
Cutting or burning through steel piles
Extraction of piles- measured separately in square metres
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF CAST IN SITU DRIVEN CONCRETE PILES
The description of the pile, Forming pile shafts including concrete, and driving casings.
Reinforcement including bars to be left in the pile cap for embedding
The length of the cast in situ piles pile shoe, Empty boring, filling
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF CAST IN SITU BORED REINFORCED CONCRETE FILES.
Description of the pile
Empty boring
Filling shall be stated.
Boring through boulders and rock
Reinforcement in pile including bars to be left in the pile cap for embedment
Permanent mild steel liners
Under-reamed or bulb based piles
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE SHEET PILES.
Method of measurement
Description of the item
Lifting, handling, pitching engaging through adjacent piles and driving
Sheet piles driven under water
Driving corner piles and junction piles
Cutting piles
Extraction of piles
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF TIMBER SHEET PILES
Description
Handling, transportation and pitching of piles shall be enumerated for each occasion.
Driving timber sheet piles
Sheet piles driven under water
Driving corner piles and junction piles
Cutting piles
Extraction of piles
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Nice post
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